Analysis of Concrete Strength Analysis K-250 With Additional Asbestos Waste Powder as a Substitute of Fine Aggregate

Concrete is an important component in the manufacture of infrastructure, but in its various advantages, concrete also has deficiencies in the elements of its manufacturing materials, concrete which can cause environmental damage. Not only that, another problem was also found, namely the amount of asbestos waste being wasted. In addition to being difficult to decipher in nature, asbestos also has an impact on human health, namely lung cancer. From there, researchers are interested in conducting research and finding solutions. The purpose of this research is to find out the results of testing the compressive strength of K-250 concrete with the use of asbestos powder waste and to review the use of asbestos powder waste as fine aggregate efficiency.This study uses an experimental method with data analysis to find the results of testing the compressive strength of K-250 concrete. The test will be carried out on 12 specimens with asbestos waste variance of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% as a substitute for fine aggregate. From the test results obtained data on the compressive strength of concrete at the age of 28 days, namely: 0% = 217.8 Kg/cm3, 10% = 238.1 Kg/cm3, 20% = 188.7 Kg/cm3, and 30% = 100 ,1 Kg/cm3, which concludes that K-250 concrete with a variance of 10% meets the compressive strength.


Introduction
Concrete is an important component in the manufacture of infrastructure because of its strength and durability against loads and natural factors, but in its various advantages, concrete also has shortcomings, for example in the elements of concrete making materials whose extraction can cause environmental damage.Aswan, et al (2020) in their journal entitled Sandstone Mining Business in Lonjoboko Village, Gowa Regency, 2006-2018, mentions several impacts of sandstone mining, such as environmental impacts such as soil pollution and social impacts such as damaged public infrastructure.That's what makes research on concrete technology needed.Not only that, the researchers also found another problem, namely the amount of asbestos waste that was wasted at the project site that the researchers encountered.On the PUPR ministry's website (kotaku.pu.go.id),Jakarta, February 2, 2010 in his article entitled Asbestos...!!! Really Dangerous..? explained that apart from being difficult to decipher asbestos materials, nature also has an impact on human health, namely lung cancer if particles from asbestos are inhaled by the nose.
From there, the researchers were interested in raising the research title "Analyzing the Compressive Strength of Concrete K-250 With Additional Asbestos Waste Powder As A Mixture Of Fine Aggregate", because the researchers hope that this research can help develop concrete with more compressive strength and also unravel the impact of problems that have occurred.outlined.

Research methods 2.1 Research plan
In this study will use a method, namely the experimental method, Sukmadinata (2008: 194) suggests that, "Experimental research is a research approach that is quite typical.This particularity is shown by two things, first, experimental research directly examines the effect of a variable on other variables, secondly tests the hypothesis of a causal relationship.

Types of research
In this study the research method used is trial and error with laboratory tests.With the following types of testing:

Data collection technique
Data collection will be carried out by conducting experimental activities or testing of test objects from conditions or mixtures of materials carried out in the laboratory.For testing materials, secondary data will be used.This secondary data is obtained from testing the materials that will be used to make the test objects.Literature data in this study is data from lecture materials in the form of reports from practicums, consultations with supervisors and laboratory assistants.

Data analysis technique
Data analysis will be carried out in stages:

Sand Infiltration Water Test
From the test, the results of the fine aggregate infiltration water value (ASTM C 128-93) are as follows:

Fine Aggregate Sieve Analysis Test
From the test results, it is known that the value of fine aggregate sieve analysis (ASTM C 136 -95a) is as follows:

Gravel Specific Gravity Test
From the research results, it is known that the specific gravity of gravel (ASTM C 128-78) is as follows:

Gravel Volume Weight
From the results of the study, it is known that the volume weight of crushed stone (ASTM C 29-91) is as follows:

Gravel Sieve Analysis Test
From the results of the study, obtained the value of the Analysis of the Coarse Aggregate Sieve (ASTM C 33-93) as follows:

Testing on Asbestos Powder Waste 1. Asbestos Waste Testing
The results of the study, it is known that the moisture value of asbestos waste (ASTM C 566-89) as follows:

Asbestos Waste Specific Gravity Test
From the results of the study, it is known that the specific gravity value of asbestos waste (ASTM C 128-78 sand density is between 2.4 -2.7 gr/dm3) as follows:

Asbestos Wastewater Infiltration Test
From the test, the results of the asbestos waste water absorption as fine aggregate (ASTM C 128-93) are as follows:

Asbestos Waste Filter Analysis Test
From the test results, it is known that the analysis value of the asbestos waste filter (ASTM C 136 -95a) is as follows:

Mix Design
In the manufacture of test specimens, a material mixture design plan is needed so that the test objects can be made in accordance with the concrete testing standard with K-250 quality.In this mix design process, the formulation of the concrete mixing plan with the quality of K-250 will be presented to be tested for compressive strength.The formulation will be presented in table 4.21, as follows:

Concrete Compressive Strength Test
The compressive strength test of concrete is carried out when the concrete is 7 days old and to take the compressive strength of the 28 day old concrete, the concrete will be correlated by multiplying it by the correlation fartor of 0.65 to get the compressive strength of the 28 day old concrete.The results of the compressive strength test will be presented in tabular form, as follows: objects with mixed proportions and asbestos waste substitution variance, the largest value was obtained, namely the test object with asbestos waste substitution value with a variance of 10% with a compressive strength of 23.81 MPa. 2. From the discussion carried out, the use of asbestos waste as a substitute or substitute for fine aggregate in the K-250 concrete mixture with a variance of 10% can be used because it meets or exceeds the compressive strength of K-250 concrete only in concrete with a 10% variance asbestos waste substitution.with a compressive strength value of 23.81 Mpa.

Suggestion
1.It is recommended for further research that this thesis research can be continued with different concepts and variances.2. In the manufacture of concrete the materials used must go through a material test first, in order to obtain concrete that is in accordance with the standard or can evaluate the material if there is a discrepancy.3.In this study, the results of the asbestos waste substitution concrete data can be used as an alternative in adding strength and also utilizing asbestos waste.4. It is necessary to do research, focusing on asbestos waste material as a substitute for fine aggregate, to get a more detailed effect of the substitution of concrete waste itself.

Table 3 .
Sand 4. Sand Volume Weight TestFrom the test results obtained the value of the weight of the volume of fine aggregate (SII No.52-1989) as follows:

Table 4 .
Sand Volume Weight Test

Table 5 .
Fine Aggregate Sieve Analysis Test

Table 9 .
Gravel Volume Weight Test

Table 12 .
Testing the Specific Gravity of Asbestos Waste as Fine Aggregate

Table 14 .
Asbestos Waste Volume Weight Test

Table 15 .
Asbestos Waste Filter Analysis Test

Table 16 .
Composition of the Test Object Concrete Material

Table 20 .
Compressive Strength Test Results of Test Objects.Graph of the Crushing Stress of the Test Object.5.1.ConclusionFrom various tests carried out at the UNISLA Civil Engineering Laboratory to obtain results and discussions that will be used as the basis for research conclusions, namely: 1.Based on the compressive strength test of K-250 concrete with the substitution of asbestos waste as fine aggregate with variances of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%, it produces data on the compressive strength of concrete at the age of 28 days, namely: 0% = 21.78Mpa, 10% = 23.81Mpa, 20% = 18.87 Mpa, and 30% = 10.01 Mpa.Of the four test