Rancang Bangun Sistem Irigasi Otomatis Berbasis Energi Surya Menggunakan Arduino ESP32 untuk Pertanian
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30736/je-unisla.v11i2.1653Abstract
Keterbatasan ketersediaan air dan akses energi listrik masih menjadi kendala utama pada sektor pertanian, terutama di wilayah pedesaan. Penggunaan pompa berbahan bakar fosil dan listrik dari jaringan PLN meningkatkan biaya operasional serta menimbulkan dampak lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan mengimplementasikan sistem irigasi otomatis berbasis energi surya menggunakan mikrokontroler Arduino ESP32. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen melalui tahapan perancangan perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak, serta pengujian kinerja sistem. Sistem yang dikembangkan terdiri atas panel surya, solar charge controller (SCC) tipe PWM, baterai, pompa air, sensor kelembapan tanah, sensor suhu dan kelembapan udara DHT22, serta modul relay. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap kinerja sensor, debit pompa, proses pengisian baterai, konsumsi daya, dan efisiensi penggunaan energi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu mengendalikan pompa air secara otomatis berdasarkan kondisi kelembapan tanah serta parameter suhu dan kelembapan udara. Pompa air mampu menyalurkan 900 mL air dalam waktu 3 menit dengan debit sebesar 0,005 L/s. Energi masukan sistem sebesar 21,921 Wh dan energi keluaran sebesar 7,969 Wh, sehingga diperoleh efisiensi penggunaan energi sebesar 36,35%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa sistem irigasi otomatis berbasis energi surya dapat beroperasi secara mandiri tanpa ketergantungan pada jaringan listrik PLN maupun bahan bakar fosil. Sistem ini berpotensi menjadi solusi irigasi yang ramah lingkungan dan ekonomis untuk pertanian skala kecil di daerah pedesaan.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Ardita Febri Tiyariansyah, Rukslin, Muhlasin, Machrus Ali
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